Shots at Fortune and Life Essay Example for Free

Shots at Fortune and Life Essay Very few people get a shot at Fortune and Life but Margaret Bourke-White simply snapped her fingers and got into both. This very attractive and talented photojournalist made her name in the industry through her pictures for Fortune and Life Magazine. Living during the era when journalism was still way ahead of video productions, her photographs told much of a story with a shot from her lens. Margaret Bourke-White was born on June 14, 1904 in the Bronx, New York to Joseph White and Minnie Bourke. Joseph was of Polish-Jewish background while Minnie had Irish-English blood. (Women in History) Her parents were both believers of a religion called Ethical Culture which was a form of atheism. Ethical culture was very rigid to the point that it only allowed sexual intercourse between married couples for the sole purpose of creating children. (Goldberg 1986 pp. 4-5) In adherence to its philosophies, the couple brought up their children in a mentally stimulating and moral home. (Keller 1996 pp. 8-9) Mr. White was an engineer who was able to develop many versions of printing presses while his wife was totally dedicated in nurturing their children. Minnie was a very strict mother. She limited the children’s exposure to fried food and funny papers. Joseph, on the other hand, was an amateur photographer who was able to pass on his love for still pictures to his daughter. Margaret’s passion for photography began when as a child of eight years, she went with her father to watch the manufacture of printing presses. The marvel of seeing molten iron being poured captivated the photographer in her. (Margaret Bourke White par. 1) However, her total absorption into photojournalism was still far behind her mind. She began her college years in 1922 at New York’s Columbia University in a course for herpetology which is the study of reptiles. However, she met Everett Chapman, an engineering graduate student and got married in 1925. The marriage ended in divorce a year later which was also the time she decided to incorporate her mother’s last name into her own. (Margaret Bourke-White Biography 2007 par. 2) She became the student of Clarence White, a known photography instructor which sparked her interest enough to leave herpetology. She switched courses and schools several times before she finally graduated in 1927 at Cornell University. (Bois 1997) She opened her own photo studio after college at Cleveland wherein she specialized in architectural photos of industrialization. At that time, Cleveland was enjoying industrial progress and she marveled in taking pictures of this era which can be considered as symbols of economic prosperity. â€Å"She romanticized the power of machines through close-ups, dramatic cross lighting and unusual perspectives† that gave people a different view of industrialization. (â€Å"The Photography of Design† 2004 par. 5-6) Her pictures got the attention of well-known publisher, Henry Luce. By 1929, he was able to get her to shoot as staff photographer for the first issue of Fortune Magazine. The assignment was a difficult one that had to focus on Swift and Company’s hog processing plant but her perseverance to be the best made her finish the job well. (Cox 2003) By 1936, Luce introduced the first issue of Life Magazine. The front page photo of Fort Peck Dam that at that time was still under construction was shot by Bourke-White along with her essay inside. Fortune and Life magazines gave her numerous opportunities to see the world for various photo assignments. She was able to capture photos of World War II in Europe including Nazi camps, Mohandas K. Gandhi, the Korean War and the social unrest in South Africa. (Lee Gallery par. 1)

Business plan for a water bottling plant

Business plan for a water bottling plant Guha Water Bottling Plant is the name by which our water bottling plant will be known in India.   Ã‚  Mineral bottled water in India under the name Paath Neer will be first introduced by Guha Water Bottling Plant Pvt. Ltd. Mineral bottled water was in glass bottles in two varieties in the beginning. But later on it is available in 8 pack sizes: 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, 5 liters, and 20 liters. Its operations will run throughout the subcontinent of India and will be one of the leading bottled water supplying companies of India. As of 2014, Paath Neer will have 8 plants 11 franchisees all over India. E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages3.jpg E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages1.jpg The first plant under Guha Water Bottling Plant will be established at Industrial Estate in Gurgaon, Haryana in mid-of 2011.This organization will grow with a rapid speed and able to built 7 more plants in a very short span of time. The other plants will be located in Jharkhand, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chandigarh, West Bengal, Chennai and Gujarat respectively. Later on, the company will plan to expand itself all over the World. As the companys chiefs have decided to build few plants in UAE and few Countries of Africa. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The name of our product itself says that we have the organization which is the manufacturer of the Mineral Water Bottles. The fountain of all life. Water can also be the cause of much misery. Especially in India, where contaminated water continues to bring down millions with diseases such as diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid, jaundice and gastro-enteritis. At home, most people are either forced to boil water or to install scrubbers. While traveling or eating in restaurants, buying bottled water has become necessary. This need has seen an explosion of companies on the market safe bottled water from all over the country. E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAbfb8531aab04457f8a0dbe48b8affd0e_s.jpg The tradition of bottled water and mineral water is not very old. Even in western countries the practice of bottled drinking water started in 1950s. The trend of having mineral water gained grounds in the market. In India, exposure to media and exposure to international lifestyles deteriorating levels of drinking water, increased number of cases of waterborne awareness about health and hygiene and other related factors cause acceptability of the concept of mineral water. The market has not looked back ever and since then has grown leaps and bounds to such an extent that some of real and superficial, the operators introduced him milk. CURRENT SITUATION Paath Neer will value its customers and will therefore develop unique packaging to meet the needs of each individual. Our products will be in 250 ml beakers, bottles of 250 ml 500ml, 1L, 1.5L, 2L, non-refundable containers and 5L, 20L, which return packages. Until the date on which the Indian consumer will consume Paath Neer water, very soon in our effort to go for something refreshingly new, we will introduce Paath Neer pure mountain water water will be brought to you from foot of the mountains in Himachal Pradesh. Therefore after new months of opening the plant our products range will includes two options: Paath Neer with added minerals and Paath Neer Mountain water. E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAbottlingplant-2.JPG This is capturing the market in India and overseas. PAATH NEER will be à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾- 1 and will capture the Indian market by providing the best quality for a period of long time. Now around 100 companies sell an estimated 424 million liters of bottled water valued at around Rs. 200 crore in the country annually. Paath Neer commits to offer every Consumer pure and clean drinking water. Paath Neer water has passed through many stages of purification, and finally ozonised packaged for consumption. R D Unit and a strict quality control will make PAATH NEER leader in bottled water segment. PAATH NEER seeks to maintain strict quality control each unit purchases implement and hat only from approved suppliers. INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Industry Analysis can be defined as a market assessment tool designed to provide a business with an idea of the complexity of a particular industry. Industry analysis involves reviewing the economic, political and market factors that influence the way the industry develops. Major factors can include the power wielded by suppliers and buyers, the condition of competitors, and the likelihood of new market entrants. E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAflorida-bottled-water.jpg The market for bottled drinking water is rapidly evolving since 1980, increasing nearly 400% over the last ten years according to the Council of bottled water producers because of the loss of consumer confidence in food protection and excellence of urban stream supply. In response to citizens and businesses to buy bottled water for use in their homes and offices. Free of contaminants and government care, and bottled water from protected springs or wells or produced by the refining and processing of water from public water supplies. Consumer demand for bottled water is expected to continue growing as water supplies worldwide are considered undrinkable and unhealthy. According to survey performed by E-Works in 1988, more than 60% of consumers go to the purchase of bottled water says taste, is the main reason for purchasing bottled water. Other reasons were cited for safety and too many chemicals in tap water. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT Guha Water Bottling Plant will be set in around 8 cities in India and its headquarter will be in Gurgaon. Our products will be in 250 ml beakers, bottles of 250 ml 500ml, 1L, 1.5L, 2L, non-refundable containers and 5L, 20L, which return packages. PAATH NEER will produce their own bottles in the house, and will soon purchase the most modern world-class art machines, making them on equivalence with international standards. This is not only that we will improve quality of packaging, but also reduces the material wastage and double production capacity. E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAbottlingplant-2.JPG E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages1.jpg By the opening of our plant, many people got employments such as: The main employees or you can say that the backbone of the industry will be our workers. We will have nearly 500 of workers working in the industry. Managers who manages the work of the company. Account Manager who manages the account office such as monetary works. At last our Indian government is also get benefited as we pay huge amount of tax. OPERATIONAL PLANS Guha Water Bottling Plant will be established at Industrial Estate in Gurgaon, Haryana in 2011. And, Paath Neer is the name of our product i.e. mineral water. It will be available in 8 pack sizes: 250ml cups, 250ml bottles, 500ml, 1 liter, 1.5 liters, 2 liters, 5 liters, and 20 liters. Its operations will run throughout the subcontinent of India and will be one of the leading bottled water supplying companies in India. The following are the Operational Plans of our organization: Location The company will control from around 45000 sq.ft. Of depot legroom in at Industrial Estate in Gurgaon, portion of that room being set away for office room. Guha Water Bottling Plant is currently working with county officials to identify and negotiate the lease on an appropriate site. Deliveries It has been predicted that road delivery person will deliver around 7000 bottles every day or 210000 bottles every month. If monthly delivery increases then extra person will be required for the process. This is predicted at the end of five months of Business. Insurance Guha Water Bottling Plants agreement with Rue Bottling, Rues product liability insurance will cover any such claims against Guha Water Bottling Plant .Company itself will also carry its own insurance, including 2.5 crores of umbrella liability policy. Future Plans for Bottling Once Guha Water Bottling Plant accomplishes a customer support of 4,000 or deliveries of 2,10,000 bottles per month, the company will begin to invest in equipment to bottle water in-house. An investment of approximately Rs. 55, 00000 would be required in order to procure the bottling machine. PRODUCTION PLANS PATH NEER manufactures its own products and has its own manufacturing unit which includes various machines; the whole manufacturing process is carried on by PAATH NEER at its plant. The whole manufacturing process is divided into different parts and it consists of different activities like water purification treatment, blowing of the bottles, filling of the bottles, packing of the bottles etc. E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAfiller-PEPA-2.jpg The following are the Production plans of our industry:- As per regarding the production its very important to satisfy our customers by providing them healthy and hygienic water. Employees trained for not only particular task, but especially use the entire concept. A big emphasis on comprehensive survey on the quality and integrity of our products. We must be constantly monitored for our own high standards for freshness and purity. We will producing 250 ml beakers, bottles of 250 ml 500ml, 1L, 1.5L, 2L, 5L, 20L, which return packages but later on planning to produce 50L bucket. We are also planning to reduce the cost of our product by reducing the profit of dealers. This will neither affect our industry but in return increase our business. MARKETING PLANS Our marketing plan is to establish a well-regarded brand name linked to a meaningful positioning. We will have to invest heavily in market to create a distinctive brand image projecting innovation, quality and value. The followings are the Marketing Strategies of the Guha Water Bottling Plant. They are: Free Trials To acquire more and fast customer support, Guha Water Bottling Plant planed to promote its free trial program, offering new customers the use of a company cooler for an interval of 25 days free of cost which contain two free bottles of water. Advertising E:ASSIGNMENTSMY PROJECTSVISHAL GUHAimages2.jpgGuha Water Bottling Plant intends to advertise its free trial offers by way of radio ads (secured through cross-promotion deals or barter arrangements), door hangers, posters in metros , busses ,parking places and ads in coupon packages. Trade and Consumer Shows Attendance and exhibits at local home and mall shows is also planned, to keep the Guha Water Bottling Plant name constantly in front of consumers. Placements The company will also place coolers in public places frequented by health conscious consumers, such as pharmacies and hospitals. HUMAN RESOURCE PLANS Guha Water Bottling Plant is a unique Human Resources Management restaurant that enables the process of acquiring talent, aligning them with organizations goals and leading the transformation, to help your organization take that leap in performance. From automating routine tasks, to generating strategic reports, to giving access to employee related information through self-service, Guha Water Bottling Plant does it all. Our key Modules include Performance Management, Training Development, and recruitment, HR Workgroup and Report/Analytics, Payroll, Self-Service. As far human resources plan concerns it is just about how you manages your employees, thus, the management of employees in our business is as follows: In our industry, there are nearly 2000 employees, including lower to higher level. As we have one Head Manager who manages all the employees in the plant so his salary is a bit higher than the any other employee. We have head in each of the branch of the restaurant such as in Ozonation, Filtration, Carbon Filtration, Reserve Osmosis System, Micro Filtration and Ozone Treatment. We select employees such as Manager, Tester, etc. who are passed out from good institution and have at least 2 to 3 years of work experience. The main point to be noted about our company is that we first train the employee then they are allowed to work. We also install suggestion box, and organize monthly meetings to follow up tasks. ASSESSMENT OF RISK The purpose of risk assessment is to identify hazards that could cause harm, assess the risks that may result from these hazards and adopt appropriate measures to eliminate or control risks. Significant findings of the risk assessment should be recorded as five or more persons. It will also be necessary to visit the site or sites to specific hazards identified. The followings are some risks for this industry: Bisleri, Aquafina and other companies are serving packed drinking water in all over India. Competition from brands operating and well-established brands operating in the market. Consumers are becoming more brand loyal rather than quality conscious. Attractive schemes are provided by the competitors for their brand promotion. Eureka Forbes and Aqua guard are trying to capture the market. FINANCIAL PLANS Financial planning is a process of formulating objectives, evaluation of assets and resources, assessment of future financial needs and plan to revise the economic targets. Many elements may be involved in financial planning including investments, asset allocation and risk supervision. Taxes, insurance and real estate are usually included. The Capital required to start a Water Bottling Plant is around 1 Crores. Source of Money:- I will get Rs. 10 Lakhs from my Parents. Around Rs. 50 Lakhs I will get from Two of my Friends who were working in United States and New Zealand. Rs. 10 Lakhs I will take from Venture Capitals. Rs. 20 Lakhs will be given by my Brother who is staying in UAE (Dubai). Rs. 10 Lakhs I will take Loan from any Indian Bank. There is some important point which I kept in mind while making a financial plan. They are as follows: Growth rate will be reasonable, and in smooth running. Sale would like to increase at a flow of 10% per year. 3. 2% 3% per year the cost will increase. Marketing Fees Marketing fees is generally for purchasing the material for production and convert them into finished product. This is also important one we should reserve some amount of fund for purchasing of raw material. Fixed and Variable Expense This fixed and variable expense is also required in our financial plan. As this expense is only determine by when we survey many plants after that we taking actual number from this plant which we survey. As by this we can know our fixed and variable expense.

Need for Control in Fitzgeralds Tender is the Night Essays

Need for Control in Tender is the Night    Dick Diver's love for his wife, Nicole, in F. Scott Fitzgerald's Tender is the Night, is based purely on his need to assert control and act as care taker to her due to her illness. He assumes this role in order to feel validation for his own lack of achievement in his professional life. The only true success he can be credited is Nicole's 'cure,' achieved through his devotion and care; thus he continually tries to replicate this previous success in his relationships to other young girls. He looks to be a source of caring and stability just as he had been for Nicole, relying on him for caring and protection from her illness.    The growth of Dick and Nicole's relationship is shown through letters written by Nicole. Although there are none of Dick's replies to refer to we see the change in Nicole from incoherent babble to normal correspondence. Dr. Gregory thus attributes the case to Dick as a success, "When the change began, delicacy prevented me from opening any more. Really it had become your case"(136). Nicole comes to rely on his letters at the clinic and is apologetic when he doesn't write, fearing she has lost him; "But when Dick's answer was delayed for any reason, there was a fluttering burst of worry-like a worry of a lover: 'Perhaps I have bored you', and: 'Afraid I have presumed'(142). He is her connection outside of the clinic and she desperately needs that relationship and his approval. Nicole is repeatedly described through her smile as young and innocent, "She smiled, a moving childish smile that was like the lost youth of the world," and "whenever he turned to her she was smiling a little, h er face lighting up like an angel's..."(153). The love she feels for D... ...glish things; the story of safe gardens ringed around by the sea was implicit in her bright voice..."(248). In each of these he is looking for love outside of the control he once had over Nicole and in doing so is drawn to the young and impressionable girls he sees and assumes he can replicate his love with Nicole.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The complete loss of control over Nicole and over her illness is the ultimate demise of Dick. "She hated the beach, resented the places where she had played planet to Dick's sun. Why I'm almost complete, I'm practically standing alone, without him"(321). Nicole's realization of her freedom leads her away from Dick, and his only success was in the end his greatest failure, the loss of love of his wife and his loss of the life he knew. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. Tender is the Night. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1961

Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers

Rhetorical Analysis: Quick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 Player Audience The audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like; What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owner’s manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesn’t want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers’ design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long. Purpose The overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owner’s manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG. Rhetorical Analysis of a Manual :: essays research papers Rhetorical Analysis: Quick Start Guide of an MP10 MP3 Player Audience The audience of the Quick Start Guide (QSG) is going to be composed of men and women who have purchased the mp3 player or received it as a gift. The owners of an MP10 mp3 player may or may not have experience using an mp3 player, and even if they do, the experience may not be with this exact model. One way the designers of the QSG allow for a wider audience is by providing a Spanish alternative to the English side. The reader of this guide needs thorough instructions and diagrams in order to begin operating the MP10 as quickly as possible. For this reason, the instructions are laid out in numerical order to introduce the user to the different features and options that are available. These instructions correlate with diagrams of the MP10. Callout boxes point out the buttons and their functions to allow the user of the QSG to use as much or as little of the guide as they desire. One can assume that because of varying levels of technological knowledge, a user of the guide would want to be informed on all of the capabilities the MP10 possesses. The reader may ask a question like; What is possible with this expensive mp3 player? In turn, the designers of the QSG have to display the functions of the MP10 without turning the guide into a complete owner’s manual. The user of the guide wants to use a feature of the MP10 as quick as possible, and probably doesn’t want to read that much in order to do so. Therefore, the readers’ design preferences include solid diagrams, distinct headings, and comprehensive directions without being overly long. Purpose The overall purpose of the QSG is to inform the reader how to use the MP10. The designer of the guide had to display each of the potential functions of the player and provide the short, yet complete instructions associated to performing each task. A QSG is exactly what the title suggests, a brief way of introducing the MP10 to a user. It is not an all-inclusive owner’s manual, but a guide with the intent of allowing the user to find their specific function in one of the bolded headings and follow the instructions to perform the task. Knowing that most buyers of electronic equipment want to get their purchase home as soon as possible and put it to use is the issue that generated the QSG.

A Role of the Women Essays -- Literary Analysis, A Raisin In the Sun

The Role of a Woman In a Raisin in the Sun is a play about a family that lives on the South side of Chicago, a section of the city Hansberry once described as â€Å" a place apart†, where â€Å" each piece of our living is a protest â€Å". After the death of Walter Young (Big Walter), his wife, Lena (Mama), is the beneficiary of a $10,000 insurance policy. The money will be used to provide for the family’s future. Race, race relation and big Walter’s insurance money supply the thematic context for Hansberry’s play; but the Younger family is, essentially, searching for its place within American society. Hansberry once pointed out that even a â€Å"Negro family â€Å"has â€Å"many gradations as we see in a Raisin in the Sun the women portray the progression women have had from one generation to the next. Mama is prominent traditional black feminist role. Park stated that a very strong and pervasive female culture has survived within black communities, but its role has been disguised by negative â€Å"matriarchy† arguments of white and black men (4).The black mother situates black feminism in the place where it is ordinarily and traditionally practiced by black women; in the home. While part of the mainstream, academic feminist agenda has dermphasized mothering as an important part of women’s lives, to do so with black women would be to dismiss a traditional locus of black female power. Parks stated that in a Raisin in the Sun Niara Sudarkasa produced a body of a thropological work which presents the female – centered household as the Afrocentrically traditional form (5).Parks stated that the full bodied and strong, she is one, of those women of a certain grace and beauty who wear it so unobtrusively that it takes a while to notice †¦. Being a woman who has adju... ...e â€Å"side hustles†, the postmodern equivalent of Ruth laundry service, operated out of the home. â€Å"The black women’s role in the physical survival and is growth for her sake and her family’s sake (6). Ruth role is a house wife trying to stand by her husband side. In a Raisin in the Sun the three women plays an important part of the play. Each woman repents a different kind of generation. Mama repents the old fashion kind of women black in her days well on the other hands Beneatha repents the new women. Well is just in the middle of Mama and Beneatha so that would make Ruth a combination of both. As we see in a Raisin in the Sun the women portray the progression women have had from one generation to the next. The women in a Raisin in the Sun have a lot of new, old and in the middle kind of women that portray the progression from generation to generation.

Describe How and Why the Fertility Rate in Brazil Is Changing

Describe how and why the fertility rate in Brazil is changing Brazil, along with Russia, India and China (known collectively as the BRIC countries) is industrialising rapidly and going through dramatic demographic change. Its rate of growth has far exceeded that of current MEDCs, experiencing in 25 years the kind of change that would be expected in 100 years. The changes range from the economy, the industry and agriculture to the population and trends associated with it.As of 2011 the fertility rate in Brazil is a mere 1. 83, far lower than the other BRIC countries. For example the fertility rate of India is currently 2. 62. Brazil’s story is abnormal as its fertility rate is below the replacement rate (2. 1), especially when considering that much of the working population is still involved in agriculture and industry. The reasons for the sharp decline in fertility are similar to those associated with development, albeit Brazil has experienced these over a much shorter period of time.Education has improved drastically in the past 50 years in brazil; state-funded education is now compulsory for children aged 6-14 with most children continuing their studies beyond this. By the 1980s education reached a level of equality for boys and girls, but perhaps surprisingly females on average continued their studies for 1. 3 years longer than males (as of 2000). This shows that women are much more career driven than they used to be in the 1960s, when women were a small part of the total workforce.As of 2000 this has completely turned on its head, with women making up 54% of the working population. In the past if a woman did have a job it tended to be low-responsibility with mediocre career prospects and pay, but now many women occupy important roles in society and earn large salaries. With women now working more they have less desire to start a family. This means that they put off marriage until a lot later in life, meaning that when they do settle down they have le ss time to have children.Television has played a surprisingly large role in this change, and has a large influence on the lives of many Brazilians. ‘Novelas’ (soap operas) are extremely popular and have altered the way many people live. The people in these novelas always have small families (3-4 people) and the children are usually well stocked with the latest gadgets such as mobile phones. It is assumed that many Brazilians aspire to live this kind of life and many will take note that this is partly down to small families. The female characters are often particularly strong-willed, successful business omen who focus on their career over their love life. President Dilma Rousseff reinforces this statement and has one child, a daughter, and has proved that women can lead extremely successful lives in Brazil. President Rousseff, along with other women’s rights campaigners, helped take down the problem of ‘machismo’ in Brazil. An example of their protect ion of women is separate ‘women only’ carriages on night trains to prevent rape. Advertisements on tv and bill boards promoting contraception and family planning are also omnipresent.The incredibly high accessibility to contraception, abortions and family planning services is an incredibly significant reason for changing fertility rates in Brazil. It is surprising considering the country’s catholic beliefs which rejects all forms of contraception and birth-prevention. As a result of this abortions are still only allowed in the case of rape or threat to the mother. Despite this illegal abortions are commonplace and over-the-counter drugs that initiate termination are easy to come by. Despite being strictly illegal little is done to stop this.Whilst abortion does remain a sensitive subject (as it does in most countries) contraception is freely available. In fact a 2011 survey showed that 85% of Brazilians were against amendments to the abortion law. Many doctorâ₠¬â„¢s surgeries go so far as to give out condoms for free especially in cities and favelas where fertility is at its highest. Urbanisation in Brazil has been very rapid due to the increased industry. Many live in favelas, and much of the rest of the urban population lives in cheap high-rise apartments. These homes are small by design and having a family of more than 4 could lead to lack of space.The favelas are so common in Brazil that a drop in fertility should be a huge relief to many. Rochina, a favela next to Rio de Janeiro, has a population of somewhere between 150,000 and 300,000 although this is difficult to accurately measure. Small cars are popular, and shops sell food in serving sizes suited for 4 people. This appears to show a shift towards products being suited to small families. As families get smaller, parents have more money to spend on each child, so gadgets and expensive toys are becoming more popular, with their advertisement on television increasing too.In the 180 0s the death of a child was common so families were large to ensure that at least some survived, but nowadays this is less likely and Brazilian families are now starting to illustrate this change. The value of a child is significantly higher and families often don’t recover from the loss of an offspring. Parents are spending more on their children not only because they can now afford to, but also because they want to give the few children that they have the best shot at success. Economic and industrial development of Brazil has increased the standard of living as a whole.Since 2000, life expectancy has jumped from 54 to 72, and infant mortality rates have nearly halved from 38 to 20/1000 live births. Sanitation improving enormously has helped, and people who move in to cities now often find clean, fresh water and sanitation facilities (e. g. clean toilets and sinks). Even favelas are improving in this case, with communal development projects becoming increasingly common. Heal thcare has improved dramatically too (as shown by the shockingly sharp decline in infant mortality) and even the poor can access healthcare as basic care is free.Brazil can be considered an anomaly; however there does appear to be a growing trend in rapid development in the LEDW. Falling fertility rates has reduced the pressure on healthcare and education allowing more money to be spent per person equalling a better overall experience and service. Female empowerment is very important too, in both the economic output of the nation and the fall in fertility rates. However Brazil must be wary of the potential pitfalls of this rapid growth – e. g. an elderly population.

Electric Cars Speech Essay

Just about everyone wants a car but no one Wants to pay for gas well now thanks to technology we don’t have to yes thanks to the discovery of the electronic car people can travel solely on the power of electricity but most people say that Unless some new type of battery is invented these electronic Car are nothing more than a dream but these are far more than a dream and very much so a part of reality But what does the future hold for these cars. Well electricity is already a large part of our lives so to start using electricity powered cars would not be so much of a change from our normal routine as people may seem to think And they’re already many people using these electrical cars one man mentioned That he uses The Corbin Sparrow (a single person electric vehicle) As his primary commute vehicle he has a 50mi. Total commute To and from work mostly freeway so not that much stop and go traffic but once he gets to work his batteries drained about 50 percent but because the car does not require a special charging stations he can plug it into any standard three prong outlet So he pluges his car and at work and returns home on a 100 percent charge Saving gas and money every day allowing his car to pay for itself but Basically, here’s what the Sparrow offers: ? Seats 1 person, and ample space for laptop, papers and small grocery run.? 13 lead acid batteries, different in detail from conventional automotive batteries, but not fundamentally so. The batteries provide for a very low center of gravity. ?Fiberglass body for keeping the weight down while increasing the energy efficiency considerably. I’m averaging . 16KwH/mile or thereabouts for my typical commute. ?110v charging that takes about 8 hours. However, in my typical usage, I get to 80+% in less than 2 hours, and recharging stations are nearly *everywhere* however an extension cord can be helpful ? and a top speed of about 80mph now this may be good for the average driver or maybe-trips back and forth to and from work but what would you do for a long drive with no time in between to recharge this car. This car would definitely not be the car for the job of but thats where our next car, comes in 25 February 2000 — DaimlerChrysler’s engineers might have missed unveiling their third iteration of the ESX Mybrid (mild-hybrid) concept car at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit this year but it appears the delay was definitely worth the wait. Last week the company showed the ESX3 to the press in Washington, D. C. , an event which marks the achievement of the first official milestone of the 10 year-long USPartnership for a New Generation Vehicle program in which all three US car makers have now developed fuel-efficient, high mileage vehicles. From the outset of the ESX program, DaimlerChrysler engineers have sought ways to not only achieve the performance goals of PNGV but have striven to reduce the cost premium associated with hybrid electric technology. In the ESX3 they have cut the cost in half from the $15,000 of the ESX2 to just $7,500 in two years time. The five passenger ESX3 achieves 72 mpg, up two miles from the more aerodynamic ESX2. It’s â€Å"mild-hybrid† or mybrid drive train takes a similar approach to that of both Ford and GM PNGV cars, mating a 1. 5 liter, all aluminum direct-injection diesel engine to a 15 kilowatt electric motor. Like the Toyota Prius, the 106 pound lithium ion battery pack is wedged between the rear passenger seat and trunk which provides 16 cubic fee (450 liters) of cargo space. An important component in of the ESX Mybrid system is its EMAT transmission system which utilizes two computer-controlled clutches. The EMAT system combines the smoothness of an automatic transmission with the added fuel efficiency of a manual. The driver sees the normal selection of park, drive, neutral and reverse. One of the most remarkable features of the ESX3 Mybrid drive is its weight which is less than a conventional gasoline engine. The three-cylinder diesel weighs just 250 pounds (113kg) and the air-colored electric motor just 76 pounds (33kg). DaimlerChrysler says that the ESX3 meets all the emissions targets originally set in 1993. However, it acknowledges that there is still much to be done to meet future emissions standards including further work on low sulfur and synthetic fuels, new exhaust aftertreatment technologies and cleaner combustion processes. OMAHA, Nebraska — April 19, 1998. Sport utility vehicles are hot! Sales of the truck-like vehicles are booming in the USA. Once the purview of Jeep, Ford and Jimmy, now virtually every car maker has entered the fray including Mercedes and Lexus. And the folks buying these behemoths don’t seem deterred by their hefty sticker prices and the 70’s era gas mileage that comes with them, not to mention a truck-like ride. While questions are now being raised about both their environmental impact and safety, sales continue to soar. The plain fact is, Ute’s are â€Å"in. † After two years and 300,000 total driving miles in Japan and the US, late last year Toyota began leasing a sensible sport utility vehicle that offers many of the perceived benefits of the standard Ute, but with zero tailpipe emissions. While the RAV4-EV shares many features, including body styling and interior appointments, with its IC-engine sibling, the similarities end there. As Mark Amstock, Toyota’s manager of North American Alternative Fuels Program, states in the video that accompanies this feature, the RAV4-EV is not a conversion. It has been engineered from the pavement up. And while it weighs 500 pounds more than the gasoline version, it offers virtually all the amenities, performance and handling of its fossil-fuel counterpart. In 1995, Toyota placed 20 prototype RAV4-EVs in the field, ten in Japan and ten in the US. These were a mixture of lead-acid and nickel metal hydride battery versions that saw service in LA, San Francisco, Sacramento, Detroit and New York. The lessons learned from these field tests have been integrated into the 1998 model, including improved HVAC system, battery management and cooling systems, 5 door, 5 passenger seating, improved motor torque and lengthened wheelbase for a better highway ride. The heart of the EV model is its 50kW permanent magnet motor and 24 nickel metal hydride batteries rated at 288 volts. The maintenance-free electric motor is neatly integrated into the single speed, front-wheel transaxle and is rated at 67 bhp at between 3,100 and 4,600 rmp. This gives the 3440 lbs. vehicle a combined city/highway driving range of 125 miles and a top speed of 78 mph. According to Armstock, these are â€Å"real world† numbers and not just wishful thinking. One of the advantages of using the SUV platform is battery placement. The high curb-height let Toyota engineers place the 900 lbs of batteries under the floorboard, outside the passenger cabin. This gives the vehicle the same usable space as its IC-engine version. One of the lessons learned from the tests in the US, especially in Michigan and New York was the necessity of an adequate heating and cooling system. HVAC systems in automobiles have huge energy requirements which cut into the range of an EV, even one equipped with advanced batteries. Toyota engineered two new features to address this need. They introduced a new gas-injection heat pump system to handling both heating and air conditioning. They also installed controls which will preheat or pre-cool the vehicle while its being recharged. The vehicle operator sets an onboard timer which begins heating or cooling the SUV while it is still connected to its charging source. Since it takes several minutes for a conventional car to heat up in the winter or for the AC to become effective in the summer, the RAV4-EV’s system offers a distinct advantage. Charging is accomplished by an on-board 220-volt, 30-amp conductive charger that takes about 6. 5 hours to completely recharge the car. â€Å"Refueling† the vehicle can be done at home, the workplace or public charging station. The RAV4-EV has power-assisted 4-wheel, anti-lock (ABS) braking. The system features 10 inch brakes (front disk/rear drum) instead of the usual 9 inch found on the gasoline model to handle the vehicle’s added weight. It also includes regenerative braking which converts much of the vehicle’s forward motion back into electricity to recharge the batteries while driving. As the vehicle slows or the driver taps the brakes, the electric motor switches to generator-mode. This enables the driver to actually add to the RAV4-EV’s range with intelligent driving practices. The hallmark of the current boom in Ute sales is the plethora of amenities that come on these brutes, and the RAV4-EV is no slacker in this regard. It comes equipped with power-steering, deluxe AM/FM stereo cassette audio system, digital clock, power-windows, rear-window defroster, dual airbags, vanity-mirrors, and all the rest. The RAV4-EV is currently available only in California, New York and Massachusetts, due largely to their ZEV mandates which require companies like Toyota have 2% of their sales be zero emission vehicles, this despite the fact that there was (as of December, 1997) only one public charging station in all of New York state. Armstock explained that Toyota’s current marketing efforts are focused on fleet operations, rather than the consumer market; electric utility companies being the earliest customers. They lease for a one-time payment of $16,000 for 36 months, or $477 a month for the same period. I found the RAV4-EV a thoroughly enjoyable driving experience the brief time I was behind the wheel. It handles well, accelerating as briskly as a 4 cylinder IC-engine version. It’s quiet inside, though the low rolling-resistance tires are a bit noisy. It certainly brakes well as I learned when an inattentive driver tried to pull out in front us during our test drive around Disney World. The RAV4-EV will make an ideal intra-city commuter for many motorists. Since the average American workplace commute is under 50 miles round trip, the RAV4-EV can get you there and back again with style and comfort. Toyota’s Armstock made an interesting comment near the end of our test drive. When asked when we can expect to see the RAV4-EV go on sale to consumers, he remarked that the technology is advancing so rapidly that he expects the current model to be as obsolete in thee years as a pesonal computer with an Intel 286 micro-processor is today. That’s an exciting prospect, considering how well integrated the RAV4-EV is even now. Regardless of the pace of technological change, this is one nicely done SUV, one that makes a lot of sense right now, especially now. END STORY/